Dietary sources of vitamin B12 come mainly from animal based foods, for examply meat, fish, poultry and eggs. Strict vegetarians, especially vegans are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency. Some people with bowel problems may be more prone to deficiency.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cannot function properly.Vitamin B12 performs several important functions in the body, including keeping the nervous system healthy.
A deficiency can cause a wide range of problems, including:
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Extreme tiredness
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Lack of energy
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Muscle weakness
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Disturbed vision
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Problems with memory
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Pins and needles
It's important for vitamin B12 or folate deficiency anaemia to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.This is because although many of the symptoms improve with treatment, some problems caused by the condition can be irreversible. Most cases of vitamin B12 deficiency can be easily treated with injections or tablets to replace the missing vitamins.
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• extreme tiredness and a lack of energy
• a sore and red tongue and mouth ulcers
• muscle weakness and a feeling of pins and needles (paraesthesia)
• disturbed vision
• psychological problems, which may include depression and confusion, problems with memory, understanding and judgement
Pernicious anaemia – where your immune system attacks healthy cells in your stomach, preventing your body absorbing vitamin B12 from the food you eat; this is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in the UK
Medicine – certain medicines, including anticonvulsants and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), can affect how much of these vitamins your body absorbs


